An online mind-body program improves mental health and quality of life in primary biliary cholangitis: A randomized controlled trial

Abstract

Background and Aims: People with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) experience high rates of mental distress and fatigue despite standard of care therapy. We aimed to assess the impact of an online mind-body intervention on these symptoms. Methods: This 12-week RCT used sequential mixed-methods evaluation. Alongside standard of care, participants with primary biliary cholangitis were randomized to receive weekly countdown emails, or the intervention consisting of (i) a weekly 20–30 minute-mind-body follow-along video, (ii) weekly 5–10-minute psychology-based “managing chronic disease skills videos,” and (iii) 10-minute telephone check-ins. The primary outcome was a change in the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Secondary outcomes evaluated changes in fatigue, perceived stress, resilience, and health-related quality of life. ANCOVA determined between-group differences. Results: Of the 87 randomized patients (control group: n = 44, intervention group: n = 43), the between-group HADS total score improved by 20.0% (95% CI 4.7, 35.2, p = 0.011). Significant improvements were seen in depression (25.8%), perceived stress (15.2%), and 2 primary biliary cholangitis-40 domains [emotional symptoms (16.3%) and social symptoms (11.8%)] with a mean satisfaction of 82/100. This corresponded with end-of-study qualitative findings. Although no improvements were observed in fatigue in the main analysis, a significant benefit was observed in the subgroup of intervention participants (20/36;56%) who completed the mind-body video routine at least 3 times per week. Conclusion: This intervention improved measures of mental wellness and quality of life with high satisfaction and reasonable adherence. Future studies could explore strategies to optimize adherence and target fatigue.