Renal Safety of Sacubitril/Valsartan: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Abstract

Abstract: As a first-line therapy, sacubitril/valsartan (S/V) plays a significant role in the treatment of heart failure. However, its effect on renal function is still uncertain. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and Clinical Trials for randomized controlled trials to evaluate the effect of S/V on renal function in patients. The results are reported as the mean difference, relative ratio, and 95% confidence intervals. A total of 13 randomized controlled trials were included (19,367 patients). Among them, 11 studies focused on patients with heart failure, 1 on patients with acute myocardial infarction, and 1 on patients with chronic kidney disease. We found that fewer worsening renal function events, elevated creatine level events, and severe hyperkalemia events (blood potassium >6.0 mmol/L) occurred in the S/V group than those in the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitor (RASi) group. The estimated glomerular filtration rate decreased in both the S/V group and the RASi group, but the change was more obvious in the RASi group. There was no significant difference in hyperkalemia events (blood potassium >5.5 mmol/L) between the 2 groups. Subgroup analysis showed that with the extension of follow-up time (>6 months), worsening renal function events occurred less frequently in the S/V group than in the RASi group. Existing evidence has shown that S/V is superior to RASi in general renal safety. Perhaps with the prolongation of treatment time, the advantages of S/V are more obvious.