Comparison of Outcomes at Midterm Follow-up of Operatively and Nonoperatively Treated Isolated Weber B Ankle Fractures

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: A novel protocol was previously presented for nonoperative management of Weber B (OTA/AO 44B) ankle fractures with criteria of medial clear space <7 mm on gravity stress (GS) radiographs and ipsilateral superior clear space and contralateral GS medial clear space within 2 mm. This study recruited an operative cohort for comparison of outcomes. METHODS: Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: Level 1 academic center. Patient Selection Criteria: The recruited operative cohort consisted of patients who may have been considered for the nonoperative protocol, but underwent surgery instead. Outcome Measures and Comparisons: Kellgren–Lawrence scale for evaluation of arthritis, American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society Hindfoot, Olerud Molander Ankle, Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS), and PROMIS (physical function, depression, pain interference) scores for the current operative cohort were compared with that of the original nonoperative cohort. RESULTS: There were 20 patients in the operative cohort and 29 in the original nonoperative cohort. Mean follow-up was 6.9 and 6.7 years, respectively. The following outcome scores were better for the nonoperative cohort compared with the operative, respectively: LEFS, 75.2 and 68.1 (P = 0.009); Olerud Molander Ankle, 94.1 and 89.0 (P = 0.05); American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society, 98.5 and 91.7 (P = 0.0003); PROMIS Physical Function, 58.2 and 50.4 (P = 0.01); PROMIS Pain Interference, 42.2 and 49.7 (P = 0.004). The PROMIS Depression, 42.8 and 45.4 (P = 0.29), was not different between groups. All patients achieved union of their fracture. Surgical complications included implant removal (15%), SPN neurapraxia (5%), and delayed wound healing (5%). CONCLUSIONS: In carefully selected patients with isolated Weber B fractures, nonoperative management may be considered because it can lead to equivalent or superior outcomes with none of the risks typically associated with surgical intervention. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.