Lipase-to-Amylase Ratio for the Prediction of Clinically Relevant Postoperative Pancreatic Fistula Following Pancreaticoduodenectomy

Abstract

Objective Postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) represents a leading cause of morbidity and mortality following major pancreatic resections. This study aimed to evaluate the use of postoperative drain fluid lipase-to-amylase ratio (LAR) for the prediction of clinically relevant fistulae (CR-POPF). Methods Consecutive patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy between 2017 and 2021 at a tertiary centre were retrospectively reviewed. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed to identify predictors for CR-POPF (ISGPS grade B/C). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were conducted to evaluate the performance of LAR and determine optimum prediction thresholds. Results Among 130 patients, 28 (21.5%) developed CR-POPF. Variables positively associated with CR-POPF included soft gland texture, acinar cell density, diagnosis other than PDAC or chronic pancreatitis, resection without neoadjuvant therapy, and postoperative drain fluid lipase, amylase, and LAR (all P<0.05). Multivariable regression analysis identified LAR as an independent predictor of CR-POPF (P<0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that LAR had moderate ability to predict CR-POPF on POD1 (AUC,0.64; 95%CI,0.54–0.74) and excellent ability on POD3 (AUC,0.85; 95%CI,0.78–0.92) and POD 5 (AUC,0.86; 95%CI,0.79–0.92). Optimum thresholds were consistent over PODs 1 to 5 (ratio>2.6) and associated with 92% sensitivity and 46% to 71% specificity. Conclusions Postoperative drain fluid LAR represents a reliable predictor for the development of CR-POPF. With early prognostication, the postoperative care of patients at risk of developing high-grade fistulas may be optimized.