Machine Learning of Histopathological Images Predicts Recurrences of Resected Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma With Adjuvant Treatment

Author:

Yamaguchi Ruri1,Morikawa Hiromu2,Akatsuka Jun2,Numata Yasushi2,Noguchi Aya3,Kokumai Takashi3,Ishida Masaharu3,Mizuma Masamichi3,Nakagawa Kei3,Unno Michiaki3,Miyake Akimitsu4,Tamiya Gen,Yamamoto Yoichiro,Furukawa Toru1

Affiliation:

1. Department of Investigative Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai

2. Pathology Informatics Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, Tokyo

3. Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine

4. Department of AI and Innovative Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai

Abstract

Objectives Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is an intractable disease with frequent recurrence after resection and adjuvant therapy. The present study aimed to clarify whether artificial intelligence–assisted analysis of histopathological images can predict recurrence in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma who underwent resection and adjuvant chemotherapy with tegafur/5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine/potassium oxonate. Materials and Methods Eighty-nine patients were enrolled in the study. Machine-learning algorithms were applied to 10-billion-scale pixel data of whole-slide histopathological images to generate key features using multiple deep autoencoders. Areas under the curve were calculated from receiver operating characteristic curves using a support vector machine with key features alone and by combining with clinical data (age and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 and carcinoembryonic antigen levels) for predicting recurrence. Supervised learning with pathological annotations was conducted to determine the significant features for predicting recurrence. Results Areas under the curves obtained were 0.73 (95% confidence interval, 0.59–0.87) by the histopathological data analysis and 0.84 (95% confidence interval, 0.73–0.94) by the combinatorial analysis of histopathological data and clinical data. Supervised learning model demonstrated that poor tumor differentiation was significantly associated with recurrence. Conclusions Results indicate that machine learning with the integration of artificial intelligence–driven evaluation of histopathological images and conventional clinical data provides relevant prognostic information for patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Publisher

Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)

Subject

Endocrinology,Hepatology,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism,Internal Medicine

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