Preoperative Symptom Duration Influences Neurological Recovery and Patient-Reported Outcome Measures After Surgical Treatment of Cervical Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament

Abstract

Study Design: A prospective multicenter study. Objective: To investigate the effect of preoperative symptom duration on neurological recovery for the treatment of cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL). Summary of Background Data: The optimal timing to perform surgery in the setting of cervical OPLL remains unknown. It is important to know the influence of symptom duration on postoperative outcomes to facilitate discussions regarding the timing of surgery. Patients and Methods: The study included 395 patients (291 men and 104 women; mean age, 63.7 ± 11.4 yr): 204 were treated with laminoplasty, 90 with posterior decompression and fusion, 85 with anterior decompression and fusion, and 16 with other procedures. The Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score and patient-reported outcomes of the JOA Cervical Myelopathy Evaluation Questionnaire were used to assess clinical outcomes preoperatively and 2 years after surgery. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with the achievement of minimum clinically important difference (MCID) after surgery. Results: The recovery rate was significantly lower in the group with symptom duration of ≥5 years compared with the groups with durations of <0.5 years, 0.5 to 1 year, and 1 to 2 years. Improvement of JOA Cervical Myelopathy Evaluation Questionnaire in the upper extremity function score (P < 0.001), lower extremity function (P = 0.039), quality of life (P = 0.053), and bladder function (P = 0.034) were all decreased when the symptom duration exceeded 2 years. Duration of symptoms (P = 0.001), age (P < 0.001), and body mass index (P < 0.001) were significantly associated with the achievement of MCID. The cutoff value we established for symptom duration was 23 months (area under the curve, 0.616; sensitivity, 67.4%; specificity, 53.5%). Conclusions: Symptom duration had a significant impact on neurological recovery and patient-reported outcome measures in this series of patients undergoing surgery for cervical OPLL. Patients with symptom duration exceeding 23 months may be at greater risk of failing to achieve MCID after surgery. Level of Evidence. 3.