A Novel Screening Method for Scoliosis Using a Bodysuit and 3-Dimensional Imaging

Abstract

Study Design. A single-center prospective observational study. Objective. To clarify the usefulness of a novel scoliosis screening method using a 3-dimensional (3D) human fitting application and a specific bodysuit. Summary of Background Data. Several scoliosis screening methods, such as scoliometer and Moiré topography, are available for detecting scoliosis. In the present study, a novel screening method for scoliosis using a 3D human fitting application and a specific bodysuit was developed. Patients and Methods. Patients with scoliosis or suspected scoliosis, patients with non-scoliosis, and healthy volunteers were enrolled. They were divided into “non-scoliosis” and “scoliosis” groups. The scoliosis group was further subdivided into “mild,” “moderate,” and “severe-scoliosis” groups. Patients’ characteristics and Z values, which were calculated by a 3D virtual human body model created by a 3D human fitting application and a specific bodysuit to evaluate trunk asymmetry caused by scoliosis, were compared between the non-scoliosis and scoliosis groups or among the non, mild, moderate and severe-scoliosis groups. Finally, the optimal cutoff of the Z value was determined to detect moderate to severe scoliosis using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Results. A total of 101 patients were included. The non-scoliosis group consisted of 47 patients, and the scoliosis group included 54 patients, with 11, 31, and 12 patients in the mild, moderate, and severe-scoliosis groups, respectively. The scoliosis group showed a significantly higher Z value than the non-scoliosis group. The moderate or severe-scoliosis group had a significantly higher Z value than the non or mild-scoliosis group. The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that the optimal cutoff of the Z value was 19.9 mm (sensitivity, 95.3% and specificity, 58.6%). Conclusion. A novel scoliosis screening method consisting of a 3D human fitting application and a specific bodysuit may be useful for detecting moderate to severe scoliosis.