1. Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, China
2. Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
3. Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450053, China
4. Shanghai Engineer & Technology Research Center of Internet of Things for Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
5. Shanghai Respiratory Research Institution, Shanghai 200032, China
6. Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China.