Enhanced transport of brain interstitial solutes mediated by stimulation of sensorimotor area in rats

Abstract

Objective Solute transport in the brain is essential for maintaining cerebral homeostasis. Recent studies have shown that neuronal activity enhances the transport of cerebrospinal fluid solutes, but its impact on interstitial solute transport has not been established. In this study, we investigated whether neuronal activity affects the transport of interstitial solutes. Methods Fluorescent Texas Red ovalbumin was injected intracortically into the unilateral sensorimotor area of the Sprague–Dawley rats. Regional neuronal activity around the injection site was elicited by transdermal electrical stimulation of a corresponding forelimb for 90 min (n = 6). The control group of rats (n = 6) did not receive any electrical stimulation. Subsequently, the spatial distributions of the tracer over the cortical surface and from the brain sections were imaged and compared between two groups. The ovalbumin fluorescence from the cervical lymph nodes was also compared between the groups to evaluate the effect of neuronal activity on solute clearance from the brain. Results Tracer distribution over the brain surface/sections revealed a significantly higher uptake of ovalbumin in the hemisphere ipsilateral to the injection among the stimulated animals compared to the unstimulated group. This difference, however, was not seen in the hemisphere contralateral to injection. A trace amount of ovalbumin in the lymph nodes was equivalent between the groups, which indicated a considerable time needed for interstitial solutes to be drained from the brain. Conclusion The results suggest that neuronal activity enhances interstitial solute transport, calling for further examination of ultimate routes and mechanisms for brain solute clearance.