The Caprini Risk Score for Early Prediction of Mortality in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome

Abstract

Background The Caprini Risk Score (CRS) is a validated predictive instrument for venous thrombosis. Previous investigators have shown that a high CRS is associated with a higher risk of mortality from thrombotic diseases. Objective The aim of this study was to assess the association between the CRS and prognosis of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Methods Secondary analysis of data from a retrospective cohort study was conducted. Patients were classified into 3 CRS-based categories (CRS ≤ 2, CRS = 3–4, and CRS ≥ 5, indicating low, medium, and high, respectively). Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression models were used to assess the prognosis of patients with ACS. All-cause mortality and cardiac mortality were the end points. Results Two hundred fifty-four patients (12.8%) died during follow-up. Multivariate Cox regression models identified CRS as an independent risk factor for all-cause mortality among patients with ACS (CRS = 3–4 vs CRS ≤ 2, hazard ratio: 3.268, 95% confidence interval: 1.396–7.647, P = .006; CRS ≥ 5 vs CRS ≤ 2, hazard ratio: 4.099, 95% confidence interval: 1.708–9.841, P = .002). Pearson correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between CRS and fibrinogen level (r = 0.486, R 2 = 0.765, P < .001) as well as D-dimer level (r = 0.480, R 2 = 0.465, P < .001). Conclusion The CRS is a useful prognostic assessment instrument for patients with ACS, and the risk stratification of patients with ACS can be achieved based on their CRS at admission.