Temporal Trends in Methamphetamine Use in Patients Admitted to the Hospital: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Abstract

Objectives Although methamphetamine use is common, the scope of methamphetamine use and outcomes for patients admitted to the hospital is unclear. This study aims to identify the prevalence of methamphetamine use from January 2012 to January 2022, coingestions, hospital course, and readmission rate of admitted patients. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study conducted on patients admitted to our center with the following inclusions: age older than 18 years, positive/“pending confirm” value for methamphetamine on urine drug screen, and/or an International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, code related to stimulant use disorder as an active issue. Urine drug screen data are reported as methamphetamine +/− and polysubstance (PS) +/−. Patient demographics, admission diagnosis, and hospital course were extracted. Statistical tests used included t tests and Mann-Whitney U tests. Results A total of 19,159 encounters were included, representing 12,057 unique patients. The median (interquartile range) age was 43 (33–54) years. Of all encounters, 35.3% were methamphetamine + and PS −, and 46.3% were methamphetamine + and PS +. Hospitalizations increased from 883 in 2012 to 2532 in 2021. The median (IQR) hospital stay was 48 (48–120) hours. Of all encounters, 16.8% included an intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and the median ICU stay was 42 (21–87) hours. A total of 2988 patients (24.7%) were readmitted within the study period, and 4988 (71.5%) returned within 1 year of the previous encounter. In context of all emergency department admissions from 2013 to 2022, 13.1% had a urine drug screen + for methamphetamine. Conclusions Hospitalizations with recent methamphetamine use doubled at our institution from 2012 to 2022. In addition, 1 in 4 is readmitted (typically within 1 year), and a minority requires ICU care.