Methamphetamine Use in Psychiatric Emergency Services and Among Asian American and Pacific Islander Populations

Abstract

Objectives Addressing the methamphetamine epidemic will require a more complete understanding of its effect on healthcare systems and of the populations at risk. The objective of the study was to assess the impact of methamphetamine use on psychiatric emergency services outcomes and on Asian American (AA) and Pacific Islander (PI) populations, a historically overlooked population in substance use research. Methods A retrospective chart review was performed for all visits to a large level I trauma center in urban Hawaii from 2007 to 2019 that required psychiatric emergency services and in which urine drug screening was completed (N = 44,658). Demographic characteristics and emergency room courses were compared between amphetamine-positive and amphetamine-negative visits. Results The proportion of amphetamine-positive visits approximately doubled from 13.3% in 2007 to 25.5% in 2019. Amphetamine-positive visits were more likely to involve arrival by law enforcement (38.3% vs 27.2.%, P < 0.001), require intramuscular psychotropic medications (17.3% vs 12.3%, P < 0.001), and have longer emergency department lengths of stay (median, 420 vs 372 minutes, P < 0.001). Visits by Native Hawaiian and Hispanic/Latino patients had the highest rate of amphetamine positivity, while visits by Chinese and Korean patients had the lowest. Conclusions The findings reveal a concerning rise in amphetamine positivity that is associated with increased resource utilization. There was also significant variability in the rate of amphetamine positivity within the AA and PI population, a group of ethnicities often analyzed as a single entity in previous studies. Culturally sensitive interventions may curb the methamphetamine epidemic's effect on healthcare systems and vulnerable populations.