Medications for Alcohol Use Disorder among Birthing People with an Alcohol-related Diagnosis

Abstract

Objectives Although safety and effectiveness of medications for alcohol use disorder (AUD) are well established for adults, literature on these medications in pregnancy is limited. Given known adverse effects of untreated AUD during pregnancy, clinicians and researchers have recently begun to call for reconsidering use of medications for AUD in pregnancy. Thus, we sought to estimate the proportion of birthing people with an alcohol-related diagnosis who received a prescription for medication related to AUD treatment. Methods Data were from Meritive MarketScan, a national private insurance claims database. The study cohort included birthing people aged 25–50 who gave birth to a singleton in the United States between 2006 and 2019 and were matched with an infant. Variables included an alcohol-related diagnosis within a year of birth and receiving a prescription for a medication related to AUD treatment. We calculated proportions with alcohol-related diagnoses who received any AUD medication and each medication type. Results Of 1,432,979 birthing person-infant dyads, 2517 (0.18%) had an alcohol-related diagnosis. Of those with an alcohol-related diagnosis, 8.70% (n = 219) received any medication. The most common was gabapentin (4.69%, n = 118), with benzodiazepines for withdrawal as the second most common (2.19%, n = 55). Approximately 2% received naltrexone (1.91%, n = 48) and/or disulfiram (1.39%, n = 35); 0.56% (n = 14) received acamprosate. No one with an alcohol-related diagnosis received phenobarbital. Almost all medications were received postpartum. Conclusions Very few pregnant/postpartum people with alcohol-related diagnoses are prescribed medications related to AUD treatment. Research is needed to examine whether benefits of these medications during pregnancy outweigh harms.