Nurse-led telehealth and mobile health care models for type 2 diabetes and hypertension in low-income US populations: A scoping review

Abstract

Background: Increasing numbers of underserved people with chronic diseases and decreasing providers in rural areas have contributed to the care shortage in the United States. Nurse-led telehealth/mobile care models have potential benefits for this population. However, there is a substantial gap in the literature regarding this topic. Purpose: To examine the available literature on nurse-led telehealth/mobile health care models with a particular focus on care model settings, nursing roles, care components, achieved outcomes, and the identification of both facilitative factors and encountered challenges. The ultimate goal is to offer recommendations based on these findings, thereby aiding the development or refinement of evidence-based care models that meet to the unique needs of low-income populations. Methodology: Literature published from 2010 to 2023 was searched in six electronic databases (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Communication and Mass Media Complete, Medline, APA PsycINFO, Social Sciences Index, and Web of Science databases). Results: Commonalities identified among included studies with significant improvements were the provision of home monitors and education to participants, multiple engagements, and extensive community and/or family involvement. Conclusions: Nurse-led telehealth/mobile health care models for chronic diseases are an emerging approach. Nurse educators must ensure that future nurses are adept in diverse telehealth modes, collaborating across disciplines. Leveraging advanced practice registered nurses and interdisciplinary teams provides holistic care. Implications: Our review outlined recent research findings that suggest enhanced patient outcomes through technology, communication, and community support. In addition, we offered suggestions for future research and practice, emphasizing the importance of exploring the requirements of diverse and underserved communities.