Clinical trajectory of hypermobile Ehlers–Danlos syndrome/hypermobility spectrum disorders in older adults

Abstract

ABSTRACT Background: Research on hypermobile Ehlers–Danlos syndrome and hypermobility spectrum disorder (hEDS/HSD) has described its natural history and clinical course in children, adolescents, and young to middle-aged adults. However, more research is needed on the clinical trajectory of hEDS/HSD into older age. Therefore, clinicians, including nurse practitioners, know little about identifying older adults with undiagnosed hEDS/HSD. Objective: This review sought to identify studies regarding aging in hEDS/HSD. Data sources: This scoping review included PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and Scopus and found 15 studies that mentioned age or aging on the symptoms and health-related quality of life. Conclusions: No study had a stated aim regarding aging in hEDS/HSD, but all studies corroborated earlier natural history studies describing the age-related trajectory of manifestations in younger people. Studies found that symptom progression was heterogeneous, multisystemic, and unpredictable. Studies also noted prolonged diagnosis delays and long symptom duration, but the impact of these factors on outcomes was unclear. The high variability in patient outcomes precludes the prediction of outcomes based on the included studies. The clinical impact of aging on hEDS/HSD remains mostly speculative. Implications for practice: Nurse practitioners, especially those in primary care, should consider that older adults presenting with multimorbidity may have undiagnosed hEDS/HSD. More research is needed to identify symptom patterns and clinical history that may suggest an underlying connective tissue disorder.