Donut-shaped Corneal Allogeneic Intrastromal Segment as an Alternative to Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty in Advanced Keratoconus

Abstract

Purpose: The aim of this study was to describe a new technique of selective corneal stromal transplantation for keratoconus treatment, donut-shaped CAIRS (corneal allogeneic intrastromal ring segment). Methods: A donut-shaped corneal graft is obtained using a double-bladed trephine. Descemet membrane, endothelium, and epithelium are all removed from the graft. Only stromal tissue is transplanted. A wide 360-degree intrastromal tunnel is created using the femtosecond laser, with a 30-degree angulation. The diameter is from 5.4 mm to 8 mm optical zone. After dehydration, the corneal graft is inserted into the tunnel. We report the clinical and tomographic outcomes after the procedure in 3 patients. Results: The mean follow-up time after donut-shaped CAIRS was 6.01 ± 1.02 months. In case 1, best spectacle–corrected visual acuity improved from 20/150 to 20/40. In case 2, it improved from 20/400 to 20/40, and in case 3 from 20/200 to 20/40. The mean preoperative K was 57.3 ± 4.5 D and reduced to 44.2 ± 2.5 D after donut-shaped CAIRS. The mean spherical equivalent decreased from −9.8 ± 3.2 preoperatively to −3.2 ± 2.2 postoperatively. No intraoperative or postoperative complications were observed. Anterior segment OCT showed a mid-stroma implant, fusiform in shape, equidistant from the epithelium and endothelium. Conclusions: Donut-shaped CAIRS is a variation of the traditional CAIRS technique and showed to be an alternative option for keratoconus treatment, especially in moderate to advanced cases with a central clear cornea without scars. The technique is minimally invasive, and the visual axis remains untouched.