Pseudopterygia in Fuchs Superficial Marginal Keratitis: Clinical Course and Surgical Outcome

Abstract

Purpose: Surgery for pseudopterygia in Fuchs superficial marginal keratitis (FSMK) bears the risk of corneal perforation, as described in a few case reports. The aim of this case series was to understand the clinical course and surgical outcomes of pseudopterygia in FSMK. Methods: A retrospective case series included patients meeting FSMK criteria with pseudopterygia in at least 1 eye. The severity grading of pseudopterygia and peripheral infiltration events at follow-up were analyzed. Pseudopterygia involving corneal central 3 mm diameter (grade III) received surgery. Peripheral corneal infiltrate events within 1 week after surgery were recorded. Results: Thirty-three eyes of 19 patients (8 men, 11 women; age 40–85 years; mean, 65 years) were included, with an average 48.1-month follow-up (range 0–188.8 months). At presentation, 7 eyes (21%) had grade III pseudopterygia. One patient showed corneal perforation 3 days after “pterygium” surgery elsewhere. The contralateral eye met the diagnosis of FSMK. During follow-up, 16 eyes (49%) exhibited peripheral corneal infiltrates, and 7 eyes (21%) showed progression of pseudopterygia to higher grades before or without any surgery. Ten eyes with grade III pseudopterygia underwent surgery. The best-corrected visual acuity in Logarithm of the Minimum Angle of Resolution improved from 0.34 ± 0.18 (range 0.05–0.52) to 0.13 ± 0.11 (range 0.05–0.4) (P = 0.0023). Six eyes (60%) developed peripheral corneal infiltrates within 1 week after surgery, which responded well to topical corticosteroids. Conclusions: Pseudopterygia in FSMK may progress to threaten visual acuity. Surgical excision can be safe and can effectively improve vision on the condition that the patients are closely followed in the early postoperative period to notice the corneal infiltrates.