Three-Year Results of Simultaneous Transepithelial Phototherapeutic Keratectomy and Conventional Photorefractive Keratectomy (Cretan Protocol Plus) Followed by Corneal Crosslinking for Keratoconus

Abstract

Purpose: The aim of this study was to present the 3-year outcomes after simultaneous transepithelial phototherapeutic keratectomy (t-PTK) and conventional photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) followed by corneal crosslinking (CXL) for keratoconus. Methods: In this prospective, interventional case series, patients with progressive keratoconus underwent simultaneous t-PTK and conventional PRK followed by CXL (Cretan protocol plus). Visual, refractive, and topographic outcomes were evaluated along with endothelial cell density (ECD) preoperatively and at 1, 2, and 3 years postoperatively. Results: Twenty-two patients (31 eyes) were enrolled. No intraoperative or postoperative complications were observed in any of the patients. Logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) mean uncorrected and mean corrected distance visual acuity improved from 0.81 ± 0.40 and 0.18 ± 0.21 preoperatively to 0.38 ± 0.33 (P < 0.001) and 0.06 ± 0.12 (P < 0.001) at 3-year follow-up. Mean spherical equivalent improved from −5.39 ± 3.89 diopters (D) preoperatively to −2.29 ± 2.65 D (P < 0.001) at 3 years postoperatively. Mean corneal astigmatism reduced from −4.70 ± 2.86 D preoperatively to −3.55 ± 2.45 D (P = 0.001) at 3 years postoperatively. No ECD alterations were observed throughout the 3-year follow-up (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Simultaneous t-PTK and conventional PRK followed by CXL seems to be an effective and safe treatment for progressive keratoconus over 3-year follow-up.