Perioperative Care for Children With Syndromic Craniofacial Synostosis Undergoing Le Fort III Surgery: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Abstract

Objective: To present characteristics, surgical variables, complications, and postoperative care in pediatric patients with craniofacial synostosis undergoing Le Fort III osteotomy. Background: Craniofacial synostoses are a group of genetic syndromes that result in premature fusion of cranial and facial sutures, leading to craniofacial deformities and associated complications. Midface advancement through Le Fort III osteotomy is the most frequent surgical option for these conditions. Methods: Retrospective monocentric cohort study including patients with syndromic craniofacial synostosis who underwent Le Fort III osteotomy between 2009 and 2022 in a specialized referral center. Data collection encompassed surgical time, blood loss, intraoperative transfusions, fluid balance, and postoperative parameters such as duration of invasive mechanical ventilation and intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay. Results: Twenty-six children were included in the analysis. The median surgical time was 345 minutes (300–360), with an estimated blood loss of 15 (9.9–24) mL/kg. Patients required a median transfusion of 12.63 (7.1–24.5) mL/kg of packed red blood cells and 19.82 (11.1–33) mL/kg of fresh frozen plasma. Intraoperative fluid balance was + 12.5 (0.8–22.8) mL/kg, with a median infusion of 30.4 (23.9–38.7) mL/kg of crystalloids. All patients were transferred to the ICU after surgery to ensure a safe environment for extubation. The median duration of mechanical ventilation in the ICU was 30 (20.25–45) hours, and postoperative ICU length of stay was 2 (2–4) days, and complications were infrequent, with only one extubation failure recorded. Conclusion: Le Fort III osteotomy in craniofacial synostosis patients may be characterized by a complex perioperative course. A multidisciplinary approach in the care of these patients allows for minimizing complications in the perioperative phase. Further research is needed to enhance perioperative management in this unique patient population.