Pharyngeal Arches, Chapter 2: Ear and Neck Abnormalities

Author:

Junn Alexandra,Zhang AthenaORCID,Mantilla-Rivas Esperanza,Barrera Maria C.,Episalla Nicole C.,Sentosa Jason,Oh Albert K.,Boyajian Michael J.,Rogers Gary F.ORCID

Abstract

The pharyngeal arches are the foundation of face and neck development. Impaired development of these embryologic structures can result in craniofacial abnormalities. Surgeons who manage head and neck pathology will invariably encounter conditions associated with aberrant pharyngeal arch anatomy, and a thorough understanding of the normal development of these structures is paramount to accurate diagnosis and treatment. This manuscript is the second of a four-part series written for plastic surgeons, focusing on the abnormal development of pharyngeal arches leading to pathologic ear and neck anomalies seen in clinical practice.

Publisher

Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)

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