Topical probiotics in wound care: A review of effects, mechanisms, and applications

Abstract

Abstract The wound healing process depends on the wound microenvironment, influenced by factors like moisture, pH, bacteria, and immune activity. Current wound care strategies have drawbacks, necessitating safer non-drug–based methods. Recent research highlights the role of skin flora, particularly topical probiotics, in influencing the microenvironment and promoting wound healing. This article provides a comprehensive review of wound care research involving topical probiotics. It summarizes existing types of topical probiotics, their applications for various wound types, administration methods, and healing effects. The biological mechanisms promoting wound healing, such as immunomodulation, antibacterial properties, and growth factor release, are analyzed. Building on this, further exploration is conducted on the application challenges of topical probiotics in the field of wound care. Future prospects and trends are analyzed, and requirements and directions for relevant research design are proposed. This aims to provide valuable insights and guidance for future basic research and clinical practice in the realm of wound care.