Feasibility of Arteriograph 24 for evaluation of 24-hour pulse wave velocity and central blood pressure in patients with type 2 diabetes and non-diabetic controls

Abstract

The objective of this study was to assess the feasibility of the Arteriograph 24 device to measure 24-hour PWV and central systolic blood pressure (cSBP) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and non-diabetic controls and compare daytime and nighttime characteristics in the two groups. Twenty-four-hour PWV and cSBP was measured in 58 patients with T2DM (mean age: 66 ± 9 years, 50% women, mean duration of T2DM: 7.8 ± 1.5 years) and 62 age- and sex-matched controls. Seventy percent of participants (71% T2DM patients and 69% controls) had sufficient readings to generate an acceptable 24-hour report (≥14 day and ≥7 night readings). Lower nocturnal than daytime PWV and cSBP were observed in both groups. Nocturnal PWV and cSBP dipping were attenuated in T2DM patients compared to controls (PWV: −0.3 ± 0.9 vs. −0.7 ± 0.9 m/s, P = 0.04, cSBP: −8 ± 14 vs. −18 ± 18 mmHg, P < 0.01). No group differences in PWV or cSBP were observed during daytime (T2D vs. controls, PWV: 9.2 ± 1.1 vs. 9.2 ± 1.3 m/s, P = 0.99, cSBP: 133 ± 19 vs. 137 ± 25 mmHg, P = 0.42) or nighttime (PWV: 8.9 ± 1.3 vs. 8.4 ± 1.3 m/s, P = 0.14, cSBP 124 ± 20 vs. 118 ± 27 mmHg, P = 0.26). The study findings indicate that the nocturnal dipping of PWV and cSBP is attenuated in T2DM patients. The significant number of missing measurements raises concerns regarding the clinical utility of the Arteriograph 24 device.