Transforming Plastic and Reconstructive Surgical Care in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Paradigm Shift to the Diagonal Model

Abstract

Summary: The article highlights the global lack of access to basic surgical services, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where only 3.5% of surgical procedures serve 34.8% of the population. Plastic and reconstructive surgery, constituting 16% of treatable conditions, is a significant unmet need. Surgical outreach, popular for burns, trauma, and cleft lip, is addressed by organizations like ReSurge, Smile Train, and Operation Smile. The shift from the traditional “vertical model” to a “diagonal model” prioritizes long-term relationships, capacity-building, and sustainable healthcare. Efforts include education through programs like the ReSurge Global Training Program, a blended learning approach, and technology integration for ongoing support. The diagonal model aims to address not just immediate patient needs but also systemic challenges, emphasizing collaboration and empowerment for sustainable healthcare outcomes.