Using a Low-Flow Extracorporeal Carbon Dioxide Removal (ECCO2R) System in the Management of Refractory Status Asthmaticus: A Case Series

Abstract

Rescue treatments for status asthmaticus remain limited. Current literature has mainly focused on using extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) as a primary modality of care for these patients. Low-flow extracorporeal CO2 removal (ECCO2R) systems are an attractive option to improve refractory hypercapnic respiratory acidosis because of status asthmaticus. This is a retrospective case series that describes the feasibility and efficacy of the use of a low-flow ECCO2R device, the Hemolung Respiratory Assist System, in patients with refractory hypercapnic respiratory failure because of status asthmaticus. Eight patients were treated with the Hemolung Respiratory Assist System in eight separate locations globally. Seven (88%) of the patients survived to discharge in this case series. Both CO2 and pH resolution were seen in 6 hours. None of the ECCO2R runs were stopped because of mechanical- or device-related complications. One patient necessitated transition to ECMO. Low-flow ECCO2R systems is an effective option for resolution of refractory hypercapnia in status asthmaticus. Use of these systems are also associated with a survival rate of close to 90% in patients with status asthmaticus.