1. Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Washington, Washington
2. School of Medicine, University of Washington, Washington
3. Department of Emergency Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Washington, Washington
4. Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Washington
5. Parkland Hospital, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas
6. Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Washington, Washington
7. Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center, Washington.