Genes linked to obesity-related infertility: bridging the knowledge gap

Abstract

Genetic factors play a pivotal role in the complex relationship between obesity and infertility. This article delves into the genetics of obesity-related infertility, focusing on the essential genes and mechanisms in both sexes. We explored infertility factors in obese females, focusing on polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and the influence of genes like insulin receptor (INSR), androgen receptor (AR), and follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR). Epigenetic changes are believed to contribute to PCOS-related infertility. The impact of adipokines and inflammation on obesity-related infertility has been discussed, with genes such as fat mass and obesity (FTO) and melanocortin-4-receptor (MC4R) playing significant roles. Genetic factors affecting sperm quality and function, including nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1 (NR3C1) and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), have been investigated in obesity-related infertility in males. Hormonal dysregulation influenced by genetic markers, such as leptin receptor (LEPR), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6), was also examined. Genetic factors play a vital role in obesity-related infertility in both sexes. Genes involved in metabolism, hormonal regulation, and inflammation contribute to the complex association between obesity and infertility. Epigenetic changes further complicate the relationship. Understanding these genetic mechanisms is essential to address obesity-related infertility and develop personalized interventions.