Prognostic factors in young patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction

Abstract

Objective The prognostic factors of young patients aged ≤40 years with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) remain unclear. This study explored risk factors that may affect the 1-year prognosis of young STEMI patients by analyzing patient data of baseline, clinical regimen, and secondary prevention. Methods Baseline and clinical data were collected from 420 STEMI patients aged ≤40 years. One year of follow-up was performed to record and compare the differences in data between patients with and without adverse events. Binary logistic regression analysis with controls for confounding factors was used to evaluate prognosis-related independent factors. Results The overall incidence of cardiovascular adverse events was 15.95%. Comparison of the subgroups revealed that regardless of adjustment for confounding factors, prognoses of the patients were affected by the following factors: BMI, marital status, serum apolipoprotein(a) (ApoA) levels, number of diseased vessels, treatment regimen, compliance of secondary prevention, improvement of lifestyle, and adjusted comorbidities (P < 0.05). Independent analysis of adverse events revealed that BMI, number of diseased vessels, and compliance of secondary prevention were independent factors of recurrent acute myocardial infarction in patients. Serum ApoA level, treatment regimen, and compliance of secondary prevention were independent influence factors of heart failure in patients. Marital status and serum ApoA level were independent factors of malignant arrhythmias in patients. BMI, compliance of secondary prevention, and improvement of lifestyle were independent factors of cardiac death in patients. Conclusion This study determined the influential factors for the prognosis of STEMI patients aged ≤40 years as follows: BMI, marital status, comorbidities, number of diseased vessels, regimen, compliance of secondary prevention, and improvement of lifestyle. The risk of cardiovascular adverse events may be reduced by modulating the influential factors.