Association between the remnant cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and the risk of coronary artery disease

Abstract

Background The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between remnant cholesterol (RC) to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio and the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). We also investigated the clinical value of RC/HDL-C ratio in evaluating the severity of CAD and in predicting the short-term prognosis of CAD patients. Methods In total, 615 patients were enrolled and they were classified into a CAD group (418 cases) and a normal group (197 cases) according to the results of coronary angiography. Serum RC/HDL-C ratio and Gensini score were calculated. Multivariate logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were employed to evaluate the association between RC/HDL-C ratio and CAD. The effect of RC/HDL-C ratio on the progression of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) was also explored. Results Increased RC/HDL-C ratio was associated with an increased risk of CAD (OR: 11.122; 95% CI: 5.903–20.954; P < 0.001). When stratified by CAD subtypes, increased RC/HDL-C ratio was correlated with a greater risk of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) (OR:1.549; 95% CI: 1.014–2.364; P < 0.05). Compared with the first quartile, the 4th quartile of RC/HDL-C ratio had a 9.774-fold (P = 0.000) increase in the odds ratio for CAD, and a 2.241-fold (P = 0.017) increase in the odds ratio for ACS. RC/HDL-C ratio was an independent determinant of Gensini score ≥32 (OR: 2.138, 95% CI:1.389–3.292, P < 0.01), and multi-branch (MVD) (OR: 2.245; 95% CI: 1.468–3.443; P < 0.001). The prevalence of Gensini score ≥32 and MVD in the 4th quartile of RC/HDL-C ratio group were much higher than that of other quartile groups (P < 0.01). Moreover, the areas under the ROC for the predictive value of RC/HDL-C ratio for CAD, ACS, Gensini score ≥32, and MVD were 0.702, 0.563, 0.602, and 0.669, respectively. Furthermore, the incidence of MACEs was significantly increased in CAD patients with levels of RC/HDL-C ratio (P < 0.05). Conclusion RC/HDL-C ratio plays an important role in the progression and severity of CAD.