Cardiovascular benefits of statin plus ezetimibe combination therapy versus statin monotherapy in acute coronary syndrome: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Abstract

Background The efficacy of adding ezetimibe to statin therapy for event reduction in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) remains a topic of ongoing debate. Methods We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing ezetimibe plus statin versus statin monotherapy in patients with ACS. We searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane for eligible trials. The random-effects model was used to calculate the risk ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Statistical analyses were performed using RStudio version 4.2.3 (RStudio, PBC). Results Six RCTs comprising 20 574 patients with ACS were included, of whom 10 259 (49.9%) were prescribed ezetimibe plus statin. The patient population had an average age of 63.8 years, and 75.1% were male. Compared with statin monotherapy, ezetimibe plus statin significantly reduced major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) (risk ratio 0.93; 95% CI 0.90–0.97; P < 0.01) and nonfatal myocardial infarction (risk ratio 0.88; 95% CI 0.81–0.95; P < 0.01). There was no significant difference between groups for revascularization (risk ratio 0.94; 95% CI 0.90–1.00; P = 0.03), all-cause mortality (risk ratio 0.87; 95% CI 0.63–1.21; P = 0.42), or unstable angina (risk ratio 1.05; 95% CI 0.86–1.27; P = 0.64). Conclusion In this meta-analysis of patients with ACS, the combination of ezetimibe plus statin was associated with a reduction in MACE and nonfatal myocardial infarction, compared with statin monotherapy.