Reducing Procedural Pain and Avoiding Peripheral Intravenous Catheters by Implementing a Feeding Protocol for Late Preterm Infants

Abstract

Background: Late preterm births account for a large portion of preterm births, yet the optimal method of nutrition and enteral feeding in this population remains unclear and often involves intravenous (IV) fluids. Purpose: To develop and implement a late preterm feeding protocol in order to decrease the necessity of IV access, decrease the use of starter parenteral nutrition (PN), and reduce the pain endured by an infant in the neonatal intensive care unit. Methods: The Plan-Do-Study-Act quality improvement model was utilized as a framework for the implementation of this quality improvement project. A literature review was conducted and subsequently, a feeding protocol was developed and included the more judicious use of starter PN. This protocol was implemented, evaluated, and adopted. A second Plan-Do-Study-Act cycle was completed with the addition of an auto-text reminder incorporated into admission notes in the electronic medical record. Results: The implementation of the protocol significantly reduced placement of IV access and the use of starter (PN) in late preterm infants without considerable differences in balancing measures. The percentage of infants who received peripheral IV access declined considerably from 70% to 42% (P = .0017) subsequently, less pain endured by the infants. There was a decrease in the initiation of starter PN from 55% to 7% (P < .00001). Implications for Practice and Research: Administering enteral feedings on admission to stable, late preterm infants, reduced the need for peripheral IV access and thus decreased pain from this procedure. More research needs to be done to determine the optimal amount of feedings to administer in the first 24 hours of life for the late preterm infant as well as the best method for supplementation if necessary.