Sleep quality and related influencing factors in adult hypertensive patients in Shandong Province, China

Abstract

Hypertension is a leading cause of death worldwide. Hypertension is associated with poor sleep quality, which adversely affects physical and mental health, and can increase the incidence rate and mortality of cardiovascular disease, cancer, and depression. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of the factors related to poor sleep quality in hypertensive patients in Shandong Province, China. This cross-sectional study of adult patients with hypertension from August 2020 to February 2021was conducted in 10 cooperative hospitals in Shandong Province, China. Information was collected in the form of a questionnaire. In this study, Pittsburgh sleep quality index was used to evaluate sleep quality. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the risk of poor sleep quality. Variables with a P value < 0.05 and a 95% confidence interval (CI) were considered statistically significant. A total of 528 patients with hypertension were included, ranging in age from 31 to 90 years old. The prevalence of poor sleep quality among study participants with hypertension was 319 (60.4%) (95% CI: 0.562–0.646). Female gender (adjusted odds ratios [AOR] = 3.231; 95% CI: 2.194–4.757), stage III blood pressure (AOR = 2.142; 95% CI: 1.108–4.141), mental labor, and labor both physical and mental (AOR = 1.639; 95% CI:1.03–2.611 and AOR = 1.632; 95% CI: 1.030–2.584), unstable marriage (AOR = 3.203; 95% CI: 1.026–9.997) and the very Low-density Lipoprotein (odds ratios = 0.776; 95% CI: 0.649–0.928) were significantly associated with poor sleep quality. This study preliminarily showed that poor sleep quality was a common problem in hypertensive patients, and more than half of the hypertensive patients had poor sleep quality. Poor sleep quality was significantly correlated with gender, hypertension level, occupation, marital status, and the very Low-density Lipoprotein. Considering the negative impact of sleep quality, appropriate strategies should be developed to prevent and treat poor sleep quality in hypertensive patients.