Ultrasonographic assessment of rectus abdominis muscle adaptation after deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEP) flap surgery: Single institution retrospective study

Abstract

The impact of deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEP) flap on abdominal wall integrity has been the topic of an ongoing debate with previous studies having reported conflicting results using various imaging modalities. Ultrasonography is a noninvasive, cost-effective, and readily available method for evaluating the changes to the rectus muscle after DIEP flap surgery. In the present study, we aimed to compare rectus abdominis muscle thickness between the operated and non-operated sides using ultrasound imaging. The muscle thickness was measured at the cross point of the midclavicular line and the level of the umbilicus and anterior superior iliac spine using real-time B-mode ultrasonography. The muscle anteroposterior diameters of the pedicle-dissected side and the control side were compared using paired t test. In total 31 patients with a mean follow-up of 70.18 weeks were included. The mean diameters at the level of the umbilicus of the operated and non-operated sides were 8.16 ± 1.83 and 8.14 ± 1.43 mm, respectively (P = .94). The mean thicknesses at the anterior superior iliac spine level were 7.74 ± 1.85 on the flap harvested side and 8.04 ± 1.84 mm on the control side (P = .35). There was no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups. Ultrasonography can be a reliable, inexpensive, and easily usable modality for evaluating donor site complication following DIEP flap. DIEP flap seems to have minimal impact on the abdominal donor site, and it may be safe and versatile to reconstruct the breast after mastectomy.