Clinical manifestations and risk factors of coronary artery lesions in children with Kawasaki disease

Abstract

To analyze the clinical manifestations of children with Kawasaki disease (KD), and risk factors of coronary artery lesion (CAL). A total of 223 patients admitted to Anhui Children Hospital from January 2017 to December 2019 were enrolled. According to the clinical data, the children with KD were divided into complete Kawasaki disease (CKD) and incomplete Kawasaki disease (IKD) groups. According to the results of the cardiac color ultrasound, the children were divided into the CAL and nCAL groups. The clinical symptoms of children with KD were compared between the CKD and IKD groups. The risk factors of CAL were analyzed by univariate and binary logistic regression analyses. The incidence constituent ratio of KD increased annually from 2017 to 2019 (P < .05). The proportion of fever duration no longer than 10 days, chapped lips, fingertip decrustation, perianal desquamation, and fever combined with rash in the CKD group was significantly higher compared to the IKD group (P < .05), while intravenous immunoglobulin non-response and CAL were significantly lower than those in the IKD group (P < .05). The proportion of males, age <1 year, fever duration longer than 10 days, and IKD in the CAL group were significantly higher compared to the nCAL group, while hemoglobin levels were significantly lower than that in the nCAL group (P < .05). Sex, age, fever duration, atypical KD, and hemoglobin levels were risk factors for CAL in children with KD. Persistent fever, conjunctival hyperemia, chapped lips, and rash were common clinical symptoms in children with KD. The risk of CAL was relatively higher in children with low hemoglobin levels and IKD, whose ages were <1 year old and whose fever time was more than 10 days, which requires high clinical vigilance.