G2 and S phase-expressed protein 1 is a biomarker for poor prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma

Abstract

Studying the regulatory mechanism and clinical application of G2 and S phase-expressed protein 1 (GTSE1) genes in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). LUAD data was obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were derived by analyzing expression data using R software. Survival analysis was performed to identify genes associated with LUAD, and among them, a target gene for LUAD was identified. Further analysis of the gene expression profiling interactive analysis database revealed differences in gene expression between normal and tumor tissues of LUAD patients. Disease free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) of the GTSE1 genes in LUAD were compared. The study conducted a GSEA analysis of GTSE1 expression and further investigated the relationships between GTSE1 expression and the survival time of LUAD patients at different pathological stages. The correlations between OS and GTSE1 gene expression were explored based on different treatments. Additionally, the correlation between the GTSE1 gene and immune infiltration was analyzed. The results indicated that the expression of GTSE1 was significantly higher in tumor tissues of LUAD compared to normal tissues. Furthermore, patients with high GTSE1 expression had significantly lower survival rates for OS and DFS compared to patients with low expression of GTSE1. The GSEA analysis of GTSE1 revealed its involvement in LUAD through the Reactome unwinding of DNA and Biocarta ranms pathway. In patients with LUAD at the pathological T2 stage, low expression of GTSE1 was associated with longer survival time. Furthermore, LUAD patients with low GTSE1 expression who underwent surgery without chemotherapy exhibited a longer survival time. The GTST1 gene, identified as a target gene of LUAD, was validated through cell experiments and pathological sections. GTSE1 can be used as a marker and therapeutic target for LUAD. The survival of LUAD patients can be improved by reducing the expression of GTSE1.