Clinical effect of nursing methods integrating health belief models on self-care of maintenance hemodialysis patients: A retrospective study

Abstract

This study aimed to explore the clinical effectiveness of nursing methods that incorporate health belief models on the self-care practices of maintenance hemodialysis patients. The objective was to enhance patients’ health beliefs, strengthen their healthy behaviors and habits, improve their unhealthy daily behaviors, and provide robust theoretical and practical foundations for future nursing practices in this area. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 150 hemodialysis patients from our hospital, from January 2019 to February 2023. The participants were divided into 2 groups: a control group (N = 75) using routine nursing methods, and an experimental group (N = 75) using methods integrated with health belief models. Both groups were comparable in terms of demographic and baseline clinical characteristics such as gender, marital status, age, education level, total scores of self-care ability, and dialysis duration, with no significant differences observed (P > .05). Data collection tools included a general information questionnaire and a self-care ability scale, and clinical effectiveness was measured through specific indicators such as parathyroid hormone, blood phosphorus, urea, potassium, calcium, and IWGR%. Post-intervention, the experimental group demonstrated significant improvements in self-care capabilities across various dimensions and most clinical indicators compared to the control group, with the exception of parathyroid hormone and blood urea levels. The study concludes that integrating health belief models into nursing practices significantly enhances the self-care abilities of maintenance hemodialysis patients, improves several clinical parameters, and holds promise for fostering better patient outcomes and guiding future clinical nursing practices.