Perceived social support, self-management, perceived stress, and post-traumatic growth in older patients following stroke: Chain mediation analysis

Abstract

Stroke is a potentially traumatic event that can lead to both positive changes associated with post-traumatic growth (PTG) and enduring mental distress. This study aimed to investigate the association between perceived stress and PTG among older postsurvivors, as well as to explore the potential mediating role of perceived social support and self-management in this relationship. A cross-sectional study was conducted to recruit 354 older poststroke survivors from 2 tertiary hospitals in Shenyang, China, between January 2022 and October 2023. Various multidimensional scales were utilized to measure perceived stress, perceived social support, self-management, and PTG. Structural equation modeling was employed by Amos 24.0 to analyze the mediating pathways. The average score of PTG was 50.54 ± 22.69 among older poststroke patients. Pearson analysis revealed significant associations between perceived stress, perceived social support, self-management, and PTG (all P < .01). The mediation model showed that perceived stress could both direct influence PTG (Effect = −0.196, 95% CI = [−0.259, −0.129]), and indirectly impact PTG through perceived social support (Effect = −0.096, 95% CI = [−0.157, −0.044]), through self-management (Effect = −0.033, 95% CI = [−0.064, −0.012]), and sequentially through perceived social support and self-management (Effect = −0.007, 95% CI = [−0.017, −0.002]), accounting for 58.9%, 28.8%, 9.9%, and 2.1% of the total effect, respectively. These findings confirmed the mediating roles of perceived social support and self-management between perceived stress and PTG among older poststroke survivors. This provides valuable insights into developing targeted social intervention programs to improve stroke management among older survivors.