Male Versus Female Authorship in Flagship Pediatric Orthopaedic Journals From 2002 to 2021

Abstract

Background: The evolution of female authorship in orthopaedic journals is reportedly rising, however, trends in pediatric orthopaedic publications have not been specifically studied, despite a higher proportion of female pediatric orthopaedic surgeons compared with orthopaedics at large. This study aimed to investigate trends in female first and senior authorship in 3 flagship pediatric orthopaedic journals over the past 20 years. Methods: All manuscripts from the “Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics, Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics Part B, and Journal of Children’s Orthopaedics” from 2002 to 2021 were evaluated from Ovid MEDLINE, and the data were extracted. We utilized the sex “Application Program Interface” algorithm to determine the sex of the first and senior authors. χ2 tests were used to analyze the demographics of the first and senior author cohorts. Fisher exact test was used to assess the trends in male and female authorship, controlling for year and journal. Results: Of a total, 5499 individual first authors and 5794 senior authors were identified. Sex was determined for 83.5% of the authors. Female first authorship increased significantly from 2002 to 2021 (8.8% to 22.4%, P < 0.001), with women being more likely to publish as first authors in more recent years in each journal (P < 0.001). Female senior authorship did not increase significantly over the same time period (10.8% to 12.8%, P = 0.238). There was significantly more male than female first and senior authors for all journals (P <0.001 for both first and senior authors). Conclusions: While female first authorship in prominent pediatric orthopaedic journals has increased significantly from 2002 to 2021, senior authorship has remained stagnant. In addition, female pediatric orthopaedic surgeons publish at rates lower than their prevalence in the field. This study serves as a benchmark for future studies looking at sex and authorship in hopes of better understanding the underlying complex issues. Level of Evidence: Level III.