The Addition of Daytime Physiotherapeutic Scoliosis-specific Exercises to Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Nighttime Bracing Reduces Curve Progression

Abstract

Background: The effectiveness of physiotherapeutic scoliosis-specific exercises (PSSE) in addition to nighttime bracing compared with nighttime bracing alone is unknown. The purpose of this prospective comparative study was to evaluate the effectiveness of PSSE in skeletally immature patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis treated with nighttime bracing (PSSE group) compared with the standard of care of nighttime bracing alone (control group). Methods: Patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis thoracolumbar or lumbar primary curves <35 degrees at Risser stage 0 who wore a Providence brace were prospectively enrolled into the PSSE or control group. A temperature sensor recorded the number of hours of brace wear. The PSSE group was instructed in the Schroth-based physical therapy method and a home exercise program for at least 15 minutes per day, 5 days per week, for 1 year. Results: Seventy-four patients (37 PSSE, 37 controls) were followed until the final visit of skeletal maturity or surgery. The PSSE and control groups had similar baseline Cobb angles (24 vs. 25 degrees) and average hours of brace wear (8.0 vs. 7.3 h). The PSSE group had no change in curve magnitude at the final visit compared with curve progression in the control group (1 vs. 7 degrees, P<0.01). Furthermore, the PSSE group had a lower rate of curve progression >5 degrees at the final visit (14% vs. 43%, P<0.01). The PSSE group also had less conversion to full-time bracing after 1 year (5% vs. 24%, P=0.046), but differences were no longer significant at the final visit (14% vs. 27%). Conclusions: In this prospective series of patients in nighttime Providence braces, the addition of Schroth-based physical therapy reduced curve progression after 1 year and at skeletal maturity. These findings can educate motivated families interested in PSSE. Level of Evidence: Level II.