1. Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
2. Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
3. Humanera, Office of Research and Innovation, North York General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
4. Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
5. Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
6. Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.