Predictors of 6-year event-free survival in Alagille syndrome patients treated with maralixibat, an ileal bile acid transporter inhibitor

Abstract

Background and Aims: Refractory pruritus and other complications of cholestasis are indications for liver transplantation (LT) in patients with Alagille syndrome (ALGS). We evaluated predictors of event-free survival and transplant-free survival in patients with ALGS treated with maralixibat (MRX), an ileal bile acid transporter inhibitor. Approach and Results: We assessed patients with ALGS from 3 clinical trials of MRX with up to 6 years of follow-up. Event-free survival was defined as the absence of LT, surgical biliary diversion, hepatic decompensation, or death; transplant-free survival was the absence of LT or death. Forty-three potential predictors were evaluated, including age, pruritus (ItchRO[Obs] 0–4 scale), biochemistries, platelets, and serum bile acids. Harrell’s concordance statistic assessed goodness-of-fit, and then, Cox proportional hazard models confirmed the statistical significance of the predictors identified. A further analysis was performed to identify cutoffs using a grid search. Seventy-six individuals met the criteria of receiving MRX for ≥48 weeks with laboratory values available at week 48 (W48). The median duration of MRX was 4.7 years (IQR: 1.6–5.8); 16 had events (10 LT, 3 decompensation, 2 death, and 1 surgical biliary diversion). The 6-year event-free survival improved with a clinically meaningful >1-point ItchRO(Obs) reduction from baseline to W48 (88% vs. 57%; p = 0.005), W48 bilirubin < 6.5 mg/dL (90% vs. 43%; p < 0.0001), and W48 serum bile acid < 200 µmol/L (85% vs. 49%; p = 0.001). These parameters were also predictive of 6-year transplant-free survival. Conclusions: Improvement in pruritus by 48 weeks, and lower W48 bilirubin and serum bile acid levels were associated with fewer events. These data may help identify potential markers of disease progression for ALGS patients treated with MRX.