Undiagnosed SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity during the first 6 months of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States

Author:

Kalish Heather1ORCID,Klumpp-Thomas Carleen2ORCID,Hunsberger Sally3,Baus Holly Ann4,Fay Michael P.3ORCID,Siripong Nalyn5ORCID,Wang Jing6,Hicks Jennifer1,Mehalko Jennifer7,Travers Jameson2,Drew Matthew7ORCID,Pauly Kyle1,Spathies Jacquelyn1ORCID,Ngo Tran8ORCID,Adusei Kenneth M.8ORCID,Karkanitsa Maria8ORCID,Croker Jennifer A.9ORCID,Li Yan10ORCID,Graubard Barry I.11ORCID,Czajkowski Lindsay4,Belliveau Olivia12,Chairez Cheryl12,Snead Kelly R.7,Frank Peter7ORCID,Shunmugavel Anandakumar8ORCID,Han Alison4ORCID,Giurgea Luca T.4ORCID,Rosas Luz Angela4ORCID,Bean Rachel4ORCID,Athota Rani4,Cervantes-Medina Adriana4,Gouzoulis Monica4,Heffelfinger Brittany4ORCID,Valenti Shannon5ORCID,Caldararo Rocco13,Kolberg Michelle M.14,Kelly Andrew2,Simon Reid2ORCID,Shafiq Saifullah2,Wall Vanessa7ORCID,Reed Susan4,Ford Eric W.9ORCID,Lokwani Ravi8,Denson John-Paul7,Messing Simon7,Michael Sam G.2ORCID,Gillette William7ORCID,Kimberly Robert P.9ORCID,Reis Steven E.5,Hall Matthew D.2ORCID,Esposito Dominic7ORCID,Memoli Matthew J.4ORCID,Sadtler Kaitlyn8ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Trans-NIH Shared Resource on Biomedical Engineering and Physical Science, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA.

2. National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.

3. Biostatistics Research Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA.

4. Clinical Studies Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA.

5. Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.

6. Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.

7. Protein Expression Laboratory, NCI RAS Initiative, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.

8. Section on Immuno-Engineering, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA.

9. Center for Clinical and Translational Science, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.

10. Joint Program in Survey Methodology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD 20742, USA.

11. Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Biostatistics Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA.

12. Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA.

13. Clinical Research Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, MD 21702, USA.

14. Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA.

Abstract

16.8 million SARS-CoV-2 infections in the US went undiagnosed in the first 6 months of the pandemic compared to 3.5 million diagnosed infections.

Funder

National Institutes of Health

National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering

Publisher

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Subject

General Medicine

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