1. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Medical Research Council–Public Health England (MRC-PHE) Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK.
2. Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, MRC–National Institute for Health Research (MRC-NIHR) National Phenome Centre, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
3. Department of Health Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu 520-2192, Japan.
4. Department of Epidemiology, Fu Wai Hospital and Cardiovascular Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, Beijing 100037, People’s Republic of China.
5. Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
6. College of Medicine at Chicago, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.