Solar-powered shape-changing origami microfliers

Author:

Johnson Kyle1ORCID,Arroyos Vicente1ORCID,Ferran Amélie23ORCID,Villanueva Raul4ORCID,Yin Dennis4ORCID,Elberier Tilboon4,Aliseda Alberto2ORCID,Fuller Sawyer12ORCID,Iyer Vikram1ORCID,Gollakota Shyamnath1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.

2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.

3. LEGI Laboratory, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble, France.

4. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.

Abstract

Using wind to disperse microfliers that fall like seeds and leaves can help automate large-scale sensor deployments. Here, we present battery-free microfliers that can change shape in mid-air to vary their dispersal distance. We designed origami microfliers using bistable leaf-out structures and uncovered an important property: A simple change in the shape of these origami structures causes two dramatically different falling behaviors. When unfolded and flat, the microfliers exhibit a tumbling behavior that increases lateral displacement in the wind. When folded inward, their orientation is stabilized, resulting in a downward descent that is less influenced by wind. To electronically transition between these two shapes, we designed a low-power electromagnetic actuator that produces peak forces of up to 200 millinewtons within 25 milliseconds while powered by solar cells. We fabricated a circuit directly on the folded origami structure that includes a programmable microcontroller, a Bluetooth radio, a solar power–harvesting circuit, a pressure sensor to estimate altitude, and a temperature sensor. Outdoor evaluations show that our 414-milligram origami microfliers were able to electronically change their shape mid-air, travel up to 98 meters in a light breeze, and wirelessly transmit data via Bluetooth up to 60 meters away, using only power collected from the sun.

Publisher

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Subject

Artificial Intelligence,Control and Optimization,Computer Science Applications,Mechanical Engineering

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