1. Department of Political Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
2. Immigration Policy Lab, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
3. Graduate School of Business, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
4. Immigration Policy Lab, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
5. Center for Comparative and International Studies, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
6. Department of Government, London School of Economics, London WC2A 2AE, UK.