History of primary-series and booster vaccination and protection against Omicron reinfection

Author:

Chemaitelly Hiam123ORCID,Ayoub Houssein H.4ORCID,Tang Patrick5ORCID,Coyle Peter V.678,Yassine Hadi M.79,Al Thani Asmaa A.79,Al-Khatib Hebah A.79,Hasan Mohammad R.5ORCID,Al-Kanaani Zaina6,Al-Kuwari Einas6,Jeremijenko Andrew6ORCID,Kaleeckal Anvar Hassan6ORCID,Latif Ali Nizar6ORCID,Shaik Riyazuddin Mohammad6ORCID,Abdul-Rahim Hanan F.10ORCID,Nasrallah Gheyath K.79ORCID,Al-Kuwari Mohamed Ghaith11,Butt Adeel A.3612ORCID,Al-Romaihi Hamad Eid13,Al-Thani Mohamed H.13,Al-Khal Abdullatif6ORCID,Bertollini Roberto13ORCID,Abu-Raddad Laith J.1231014ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Doha, Qatar.

2. World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation – Education City, Doha, Qatar.

3. Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.

4. Mathematics Program, Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Physics, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.

5. Department of Pathology, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar.

6. Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.

7. Biomedical Research Center, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.

8. Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queens University, Belfast, UK.

9. Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.

10. Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.

11. Primary Health Care Corporation, Doha, Qatar.

12. Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.

13. Ministry of Public Health, Doha, Qatar.

14. College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar.

Abstract

Laboratory evidence suggests a possibility of immune imprinting for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. We investigated the differences in the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection in a cohort of persons who had a primary Omicron infection, but different vaccination histories using matched, national, retrospective, cohort studies. Adjusted hazard ratio for reinfection incidence, factoring adjustment for differences in testing rate, was 0.43 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.39 to 0.49] comparing history of two-dose vaccination to no vaccination, 1.47 (95% CI: 1.23 to 1.76) comparing history of three-dose vaccination to two-dose vaccination, and 0.57 (95% CI: 0.48 to 0.68) comparing history of three-dose vaccination to no vaccination. Divergence in cumulative incidence curves increased markedly when the incidence was dominated by BA.4/BA.5 and BA.2.75* Omicron subvariants. The history of primary-series vaccination enhanced immune protection against Omicron reinfection, but history of booster vaccination compromised protection against Omicron reinfection. These findings do not undermine the public health utility of booster vaccination.

Publisher

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Subject

Multidisciplinary

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