Risks of mining to salmonid-bearing watersheds-Reference-Cited by-同舟云学术

Risks of mining to salmonid-bearing watersheds

Published:2022-07 Issue:26 Volume:8 Page:
ISSN:2375-2548
Container-title:Science Advances
language:en
Short-container-title:Sci. Adv.

Author:

Sergeant Christopher J.¹²^ORCID,Sexton Erin K.¹^ORCID,Moore Jonathan W.³^ORCID,Westwood Alana R.⁴^ORCID,Nagorski Sonia A.⁵^ORCID,Ebersole Joseph L.⁶^ORCID,Chambers David M.⁷^ORCID,O’Neal Sarah L.⁸^ORCID,Malison Rachel L.¹^ORCID,Hauer F. Richard¹,Whited Diane C.¹^ORCID,Weitz Jill⁹,Caldwell Jackie¹⁰^ORCID,Capito Marissa¹¹^ORCID,Connor Mark¹⁰^ORCID,Frissell Christopher A.¹¹²^ORCID,Knox Greg¹³^ORCID,Lowery Erin D.¹⁴,Macnair Randal¹⁵^ORCID,Marlatt Vicki¹⁶,McIntyre Jenifer K.¹⁷^ORCID,McPhee Megan V.²^ORCID,Skuce Nikki¹⁸

Affiliation:

1. Flathead Lake Biological Station, University of Montana, Polson, MT 59860, USA.

2. College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Juneau, AK 99801, USA.

3. Earth2Ocean Research Group, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.

4. School for Resource and Environmental Studies, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.

5. Environmental Science Program, University of Alaska Southeast, Juneau, AK 99801, USA.

6. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA.

7. Center for Science in Public Participation, Bozeman, MT 59715, USA.

8. School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA.

9. Salmon Beyond Borders, Juneau, AK 99801, USA.

10. Lands, Resources, and Fisheries, Taku River Tlingit First Nation, Atlin, BC V0W 1A0, Canada.

11. Juneau, AK 99801, USA.

12. Department of Hydrology, Salish Kootenai College, Pablo, MT 59855, USA.

13. SkeenaWild Conservation Trust, Terrace, BC V8G 1M9, Canada.

14. Environment, Land, and Licensing Business Unit, Seattle City Light, Seattle, WA 98104, USA.

15. Wildsight, Kimberley, BC V1A 1Z6, Canada.

16. Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.

17. School of the Environment, Puyallup Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, Puyallup, WA 98371, USA.

18. Northern Confluence Initiative, Smithers, BC V0J 2N0, Canada.

Abstract

Mining provides resources for people but can pose risks to ecosystems that support cultural keystone species. Our synthesis reviews relevant aspects of mining operations, describes the ecology of salmonid-bearing watersheds in northwestern North America, and compiles the impacts of metal and coal extraction on salmonids and their habitat. We conservatively estimate that this region encompasses nearly 4000 past producing mines, with present-day operations ranging from small placer sites to massive open-pit projects that annually mine more than 118 million metric tons of earth. Despite impact assessments that are intended to evaluate risk and inform mitigation, mines continue to harm salmonid-bearing watersheds via pathways such as toxic contaminants, stream channel burial, and flow regime alteration. To better maintain watershed processes that benefit salmonids, we highlight key windows during the mining governance life cycle for science to guide policy by more accurately accounting for stressor complexity, cumulative effects, and future environmental change.

Publisher

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Subject

Multidisciplinary

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