A scuticociliate causes mass mortality of <i>Diadema antillarum</i> in the Caribbean Sea-Reference-Cited by-同舟云学术

A scuticociliate causes mass mortality of Diadema antillarum in the Caribbean Sea

Published:2023-04-21 Issue:16 Volume:9 Page:
ISSN:2375-2548
Container-title:Science Advances
language:en
Short-container-title:Sci. Adv.

Author:

Hewson Ian¹^ORCID,Ritchie Isabella T.²^ORCID,Evans James S.³^ORCID,Altera Ashley¹^ORCID,Behringer Donald⁴⁵^ORCID,Bowman Erin⁶⁷^ORCID,Brandt Marilyn⁸^ORCID,Budd Kayla A.⁸^ORCID,Camacho Ruleo A.⁹^ORCID,Cornwell Tomas O.¹⁰^ORCID,Countway Peter D.¹¹^ORCID,Croquer Aldo¹²,Delgado Gabriel A.¹³^ORCID,DeRito Christopher¹^ORCID,Duermit-Moreau Elizabeth⁴^ORCID,Francis-Floyd Ruth⁴¹⁴,Gittens Samuel⁸^ORCID,Henderson Leslie¹⁵^ORCID,Hylkema Alwin¹⁶¹⁷^ORCID,Kellogg Christina A.³^ORCID,Kiryu Yasunari¹⁸,Kitson-Walters Kimani A.¹⁹²⁰^ORCID,Kramer Patricia²¹^ORCID,Lang Judith C.²¹,Lessios Harilaos²²^ORCID,Liddy Lauren²³,Marancik David²⁴,Nimrod Stephen²⁵^ORCID,Patterson Joshua T.⁴^ORCID,Pistor Marit¹⁰,Romero Isabel C.²^ORCID,Sellares-Blasco Rita²⁶^ORCID,Sevier Moriah L. B.⁸^ORCID,Sharp William C.¹³^ORCID,Souza Matthew⁸^ORCID,Valdez-Trinidad Andreina²⁶^ORCID,van der Laan Marijn²⁷^ORCID,Vilanova-Cuevas Brayan¹^ORCID,Villalpando Maria²⁶^ORCID,Von Hoene Sarah D.⁸^ORCID,Warham Matthew⁶^ORCID,Wijers Tom¹⁶¹⁷^ORCID,Williams Stacey M.²⁸^ORCID,Work Thierry M.²⁹,Yanong Roy P.⁴^ORCID,Zambrano Someira³⁰^ORCID,Zimmermann Alizee³¹^ORCID,Breitbart Mya²^ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.

2. College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL, USA.

3. U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, St. Petersburg, FL, USA.

4. School of Forest, Fisheries, and Geomatics Sciences, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.

5. Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.

6. Department of Planning and Natural Resources, Virgin Islands Government, Christiansted, VI, USA.

7. National Coral Reef Management Fellowship, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA.

8. Center for Marine and Environmental Studies, University of the Virgin Islands, Saint Thomas, VI, USA.

9. Antigua and Barbuda National Parks Authority, Nelson’s Dockyard, Antigua and Barbuda.

10. St Eustatius National Parks Foundation, Oranjestad, Caribbean, Netherlands.

11. Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, East Boothbay, ME, USA.

12. Central Caribbean Program, The Nature Conservancy, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic.

13. Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, Marathon, FL, USA.

14. College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.

15. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Office for Coastal Management, Silver Spring, MD, USA.

16. Van Hall Larenstein University of Applied Sciences, Leeuwarden, Netherlands.

17. Marine Animal Ecology Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands.

18. Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, St. Petersburg, FL, USA.

19. Caribbean Netherlands Science Institute, St. Eustatius, Caribbean, Netherlands.

20. NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Oranjestad, Caribbean, Netherlands.

21. Ocean Research and Education Foundation, Atlantic and Gulf Rapid Reef Assessment, Big Pine Key, FL, USA.

22. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Republic of Panama.

23. Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ, USA.

24. School of Veterinary Sciences, St. George’s University, St. George’s, Grenada.

25. Department of Biology, Ecology and Conservation, St. George’s University, St. George’s, Grenada.

26. Fundación Dominicana de Estudios Marinos, Bayahibe, Dominican Republic.

27. Saba Conservation Foundation, Saba, Caribbean, Netherlands.

28. Institute for Socio-Ecological Research, Lajas, Puerto Rico.

29. U.S. Geological Survey, National Wildlife Health Center, Honolulu Field Station, Honolulu, HI, USA.

30. Red Arrecifal Dominicana, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic.

31. Turks and Caicos Reef Fund, Providenciales, Turks and Caicos Islands.

Abstract

Echinoderm mass mortality events shape marine ecosystems by altering the dynamics among major benthic groups. The sea urchin Diadema antillarum , virtually extirpated in the Caribbean in the early 1980s by an unknown cause, recently experienced another mass mortality beginning in January 2022. We investigated the cause of this mass mortality event through combined molecular biological and veterinary pathologic approaches comparing grossly normal and abnormal animals collected from 23 sites, representing locations that were either affected or unaffected at the time of sampling. Here, we report that a scuticociliate most similar to Philaster apodigitiformis was consistently associated with abnormal urchins at affected sites but was absent from unaffected sites. Experimentally challenging naïve urchins with a Philaster culture isolated from an abnormal, field-collected specimen resulted in gross signs consistent with those of the mortality event. The same ciliate was recovered from treated specimens postmortem, thus fulfilling Koch’s postulates for this microorganism. We term this condition D. antillarum scuticociliatosis.

Publisher

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Subject

Multidisciplinary

Link

https://www.science.org/doi/pdf/10.1126/sciadv.adg3200

Reference46 articles.

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2. Mass mortality of Diadema antillarum on the Caribbean coast of Panama

3. Spread of Diadema Mass Mortality Through the Caribbean

4. MASS MORTALITY OF DIADEMA ANTILLARUM IN THE CARIBBEAN: What Have We Learned?

5. The Great Diadema antillarum Die-Off: 30 Years Later

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