Leaf metabolic traits reveal hidden dimensions of plant form and function

Author:

Walker Tom W. N.12ORCID,Schrodt Franziska3ORCID,Allard Pierre-Marie456ORCID,Defossez Emmanuel1ORCID,Jassey Vincent E. J.7ORCID,Schuman Meredith C.8ORCID,Alexander Jake M.2ORCID,Baines Oliver39ORCID,Baldy Virginie10ORCID,Bardgett Richard D.11ORCID,Capdevila Pol1213ORCID,Coley Phyllis D.14ORCID,van Dam Nicole M.151617ORCID,David Bruno18ORCID,Descombes Patrice21920ORCID,Endara María-José21ORCID,Fernandez Catherine10,Forrister Dale14ORCID,Gargallo-Garriga Albert222324ORCID,Glauser Gaëtan1ORCID,Marr Sue172526ORCID,Neumann Steffen1725ORCID,Pellissier Loïc219ORCID,Peters Kristian172526ORCID,Rasmann Sergio1ORCID,Roessner Ute27ORCID,Salguero-Gómez Roberto28ORCID,Sardans Jordi2223ORCID,Weckwerth Wolfram2930ORCID,Wolfender Jean-Luc56ORCID,Peñuelas Josep2223ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland.

2. Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland.

3. School of Geography, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.

4. Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.

5. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.

6. Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.

7. Laboratoire d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 31062 Toulouse, France.

8. Departments of Geography and Chemistry, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.

9. Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark.

10. Aix Marseille Université, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Marseille, France.

11. Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.

12. Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona 08028, Spain.

13. Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain.

14. School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.

15. Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental crops (IGZ), 14979 Großbeeren, Germany.

16. Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany.

17. German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.

18. Green Mission Pierre Fabre, Institut de Recherche Pierre Fabre, 31562 Toulouse, France.

19. Ecosystems and Landscape Evolution, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland.

20. Musée et Jardins botaniques cantonaux, 1007 Lausanne, Switzerland.

21. Medio Ambiente y Salud (BIOMAS), Facultad de Ingenierías y Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad de Las Américas, 170124 Quito, Ecuador.

22. CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain.

23. CREAF, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain.

24. Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic.

25. Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Bioinformatics and Scientific Data, 06120 Halle, Germany.

26. Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle Wittenberg, 06108 Halle, Germany.

27. Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, 2601 Acton, Australia.

28. Department of Zoology, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 3SZ, UK.

29. Molecular Systems Biology, Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, 1010 University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.

30. Vienna Metabolomics Center, 1010 University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.

Abstract

The metabolome is the biochemical basis of plant form and function, but we know little about its macroecological variation across the plant kingdom. Here, we used the plant functional trait concept to interpret leaf metabolome variation among 457 tropical and 339 temperate plant species. Distilling metabolite chemistry into five metabolic functional traits reveals that plants vary on two major axes of leaf metabolic specialization—a leaf chemical defense spectrum and an expression of leaf longevity. Axes are similar for tropical and temperate species, with many trait combinations being viable. However, metabolic traits vary orthogonally to life-history strategies described by widely used functional traits. The metabolome thus expands the functional trait concept by providing additional axes of metabolic specialization for examining plant form and function.

Publisher

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Subject

Multidisciplinary

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