Incipient carbonate melting drives metal and sulfur mobilization in the mantle

Author:

Ezad Isra S.1ORCID,Saunders Martin2ORCID,Shcheka Svyatoslav S.1,Fiorentini Marco L.3,Gorojovsky Lauren R.4ORCID,Förster Michael W.5ORCID,Foley Stephen F.15ORCID

Affiliation:

1. School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.

2. Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation, and Analysis, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia.

3. Centre for Exploration Targeting, School of Earth Sciences, ARC Centre of Excellence for Core to Crust Fluid System, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia.

4. Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3AN, UK.

5. Research School of Earth Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.

Abstract

We present results from high-pressure, high-temperature experiments that generate incipient carbonate melts at mantle conditions (~90 kilometers depth and temperatures between 750° and 1050°C). We show that these primitive carbonate melts can sequester sulfur in its oxidized form of sulfate, as well as base and precious metals from mantle lithologies of peridotite and pyroxenite. It is proposed that these carbonate sulfur–rich melts may be more widespread than previously thought and that they may play a first-order role in the metallogenic enhancement of localized lithospheric domains. They act as effective agents to dissolve, redistribute, and concentrate metals within discrete domains of the mantle and into shallower regions within Earth, where dynamic physicochemical processes can lead to ore genesis at various crustal depths.

Publisher

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

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