The origin and legacy of the Etruscans through a 2000-year archeogenomic time transect

Author:

Posth Cosimo123ORCID,Zaro Valentina14ORCID,Spyrou Maria A.12,Vai Stefania4ORCID,Gnecchi-Ruscone Guido A.1ORCID,Modi Alessandra4ORCID,Peltzer Alexander1ORCID,Mötsch Angela1,Nägele Kathrin1ORCID,Vågene Åshild J.15ORCID,Nelson Elizabeth A.16ORCID,Radzevičiūtė Rita1ORCID,Freund Cäcilia1ORCID,Bondioli Lorenzo M.7,Cappuccini Luca8ORCID,Frenzel Hannah9ORCID,Pacciani Elsa10ORCID,Boschin Francesco11ORCID,Capecchi Giulia11ORCID,Martini Ivan12ORCID,Moroni Adriana11ORCID,Ricci Stefano11,Sperduti Alessandra1314ORCID,Turchetti Maria Angela15ORCID,Riga Alessandro4ORCID,Zavattaro Monica16ORCID,Zifferero Andrea17ORCID,Heyne Henrike O.1819ORCID,Fernández-Domínguez Eva20ORCID,Kroonen Guus J.2122ORCID,McCormick Michael23ORCID,Haak Wolfgang1ORCID,Lari Martina4ORCID,Barbujani Guido24ORCID,Bondioli Luca1325ORCID,Bos Kirsten I.1ORCID,Caramelli David4ORCID,Krause Johannes126ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena 07745, Germany.

2. Institute for Archaeological Sciences, Archaeo- and Palaeogenetics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72074, Germany.

3. Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72074, Germany.

4. Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence 50122, Italy.

5. Section for Evolutionary Genomics, The GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 1350, Denmark.

6. Department of Anthropology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.

7. Department of History, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.

8. Department of History, Archeology, Geography, Art and Entertainment, University of Florence, Firenze 50121, Italy.

9. Anatomy Institute, University of Leipzig, Leipzig 04103, Germany.

10. Superintendence of Archaeology, Fine Arts and Landscape for Firenze, Pistoia and Prato, Italy.

11. Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, Research Unit Prehistory and Anthropology, University of Siena, Siena 53100, Italy.

12. Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, Siena 53100, Italy.

13. Bioarchaeology Service, Museum of Civilizations, Rome 00144, Italy.

14. Asia, Africa and Mediterranean Department, University of Naples, Naples 80134, Italy.

15. MiBACT Regional Directorate of the Tuscan Museums, Florence 50121, Italy.

16. Museum of Anthropology and Ethnology, Museum System of the University of Florence, Florence 50122, Italy.

17. Department of History and Cultural Heritage, University of Siena, Siena 53100, Italy.

18. Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki, Finland.

19. Program for Medical and Population Genetics/Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.

20. Department of Archaeology, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK.

21. Department of Nordic Studies and Linguistics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2300, Denmark.

22. Leiden University Center for Linguistics, Leiden 2311 BE, Netherlands.

23. Initiative for the Science of the Human Past, Department of History-Max Planck Harvard Research Center for the Archaeoscience of the Ancient Mediterranean, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.

24. Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44121, Italy.

25. Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Padua, Padua 35139, Italy.

26. Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103, Germany.

Abstract

Steppe ancestry among the non–Indo-European–speaking Etruscans challenges previous hypotheses on their recent Anatolian origin.

Publisher

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Subject

Multidisciplinary

Reference145 articles.

1. M. Pallottino Etruscologia (Hoepli 1984).

2. S. Marchesini Le lingue frammentarie dell’Italia antica: Manuale per lo studio delle lingue preromane (Hoepli 2009).

3. G. Barker T. Rasmussen The Etruscans (Wiley-Blackwell 2000).

4. M. Pallottino The Etruscans (Indiana Univ. Press 1975).

5. G. Bonfante L. Bonfante The Etruscan Language: An Introduction Revised Editon (Manchester Univ. Press 2002).

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